Blog of Translation

ACT I: Initiation

All translation components come together, a small ribosomal subunit binds to the messenger-RNA, and a tRNA with the anticodon of UAC binds with the codon AUG on the messenger-RNA.Then, the large ribosomal attached, the three sites, the A, P,E start to accept tRNAs. P site will contain the tRNA with growing peptide on it, and the A site is for the next tRNA to be added.

ACT II: Elongation

The protein synthese will occur. As more tRNAs come in in the A site, the older ones will pass on their amino acid to the new tRNA and exist by the E site. The transport is created by the peptide bond.

ACT III: Termination

The translation will stop when it reeaches a STOP codon, which is either a UAA, UAG, or UGA. Then, a protein, called release factor will cleave the polypeptide from the last tRNA.

Blog for RNA transcription

RNA transcription

ACT I: Initiation

 tOne strand is called the antisense strand or the template strand, this strand will be transcribed. The other strand will be called the sense strand or the coding strand, since there's only one transcribed strand. When transcripting, the product RNA have the same sequence as the coding strand, except that the T will be changed into U.The TATA box and the AAAUAAA in the DNA were found, they are the promoter region and that marks the correct position in the DNA.

ACT II: Elongation

The RNA polymerase will start to unwind the DNA strand, and coppying the coding strand, except it changed the T into U. The RNA will only be make from 5' to 3' the polymerase will start from the TATA box, and end at the AAAUAAA.

ACT III: Termination

When the RNA reaches the stop signal in the template, the RNA created will detach from the DNA strand, and the remaining DNA double helix reforms.

Blog- for DNA replication

DNA replication

The DNA in the organisms will replicate when it goes through cell mitosis in eukaryotes. The replication will occur as the cell grows and will occur countless of times in the whole period of the organism.

Act I: Initiation

In a specific point in the DNA, there's a orihin of replication, which is possible to have multiple of them. An rnzyme called helicase will come in and start to unwind the DNA. The helicase will break the hydrogen bonds between the base pairs. The new single strand will be stabilized by the enzyme called single-strand-binding protein. When the DAN start to unwind, it will create two Y- shape areas at each ends called replication fork,results in a replication bubble.

Act II: Elongation
When elongation starts DNA polymerase II will attatch to a new RNA nucleotides to the parental strand in the 5' to 3' direction.

When the DNA replicates, the strand unwinds, creating two tamplates. The two templates all have different names. One of them is called the Leading strand, and the other one is called lagging strand. DNA polymerase will move in the same direction as the replication fork on the leading strand, attatching the nucleotides to the leading strand. On the lagging strand, DNA polymerase will have to move in the opposite direction , and the new strand will occur in forms of short segments called Okazaki fragments.

RNA prime is a short fragement of RNA produced by Primase. Once a prime is in place, a new DNA fragment is generated, which is the Okazaki fragment.
Eventually, the DNA polymerase I will remove the RNA pimer, and then the DNA ligase will join all the discontinous Okazaki fragments together.

Act III: Termination
As soon as the new strand is finished, it will rewind automatically with the parental strand. The two new DNA molecules separate from each other ans the replication machine is stopped.